B322/individual/backend/s24/discussion/index.js

// console.log("Hello World");

// [Section] While Loop
/*
    - A while loop takes in an expression/condition
    - Expressions are any unit of code that can be evaluated to a value
    - If the condition evaluates to true, the statements inside the code block will be executed
    - A statement is a command that the programmer gives to the computer
    - A loop will iterate a certain number of times until an expression/condition is met
    - "Iteration" is the term given to the repetition of statements
    - Syntax
        while(expression/condition) {
            statement
        }
*/


let count = 5;

// While the value of count is not equal to 0
while(count !== 0) {

    // The current value of count is printed out
    console.log("While: " + count);

    // Decreases the value of count by 1 after every iteration to stop the loop when it reaches 0
    // Loops occupy a significant amount of memory space in our devices
    // Make sure that expressions/conditions in loops have their corresponding increment/decrement operators to stop the loop
    // Forgetting to include this in loops will make our applications run an infinite loop which will eventually crash our devices
    // After running the script, if a slow response from the browser is experienced or an infinite loop is seen in the console quickly close the application/browser/tab to avoid this
    count--;

}


// [Section] Do While Loop
/*
    - A do-while loop works a lot like the while loop. But unlike while loops, do-while loops guarantee that the code will be executed at least once.
    - Syntax
        do {
            statement
        } while (expression/condition)
*/

/*
    - The "Number" function works similarly to the "parseInt" function
    - Both differ significantly in terms of the processes they undertake in converting information into a number data type and other features that help with manipulating data
    - The "prompt" function creates a pop-up message in the browser that can be used to gather user input
    - How the Do While Loop works:
        1. The statements in the "do" block executes once
        2. The message "Do While: " + number will be printed out in the console
        3. After executing once, the while statement will evaluate whether to run the next iteration of the loop based on given expression/condition (e.g. number less than 10)
        4. If the expression/condition is not true, another iteration of the loop will be executed and will be repeated until the condition is met
        5. If the expression/condition is true, the loop will stop
*/


// let number = Number(prompt("Give me a number"));

// do {

//     // The current value of number is printed out
//     console.log("Do While: " + number);

//     // Increases the value of number by 1 after every iteration to stop the loop when it reaches 10 or greater
//     // number = number + 1
//     number += 1;

// // Providing a number of 10 or greater will run the code block once and will stop the loop
// } while (number < 10)


// [Section] For Loop
/*
    - A for loop is more flexible than while and do-while loops. It consists of three parts:
        1. The "initialization" value that will track the progression of the loop.
        2.  The "expression/condition" that will be evaluated which will determine whether the loop will run one more time.
        3. The "finalExpression" indicates how to advance the loop.
    - Syntax
        for (initialization; expression/condition; finalExpression) {
            statement
        }
*/

/*
    - Will create a loop that will start from 0 and end at 20
    - Every iteration of the loop, the value of count will be checked if it is equal or less than 20
    - If the value of count is less than or equal to 20 the statement inside of the loop will execute
    - The value of count will be incremented by one for each iteration
*/


for (let count = 0; count <= 20; count++) {

    // The current value of count is printed out
    console.log(count);

}

// for (let count = 0; count >= -20; count--) {
// 	console.log(count);
// }

let myString = "alex";

console.log(myString.length);

// Accessing index number

console.log(myString[0]);
console.log(myString[1]);
console.log(myString[2]);

for(let x = 0; x < myString.length; x++) {

	console.log(myString[x])
}

let myName = "AlEx";

for (let i=0; i < myName.length; i++) {


	if (
		myName[i].toLowerCase() == "a" ||
		myName[i].toLowerCase() == "i" ||
		myName[i].toLowerCase() == "u" ||
		myName[i].toLowerCase() == "e" ||
		myName[i].toLowerCase() == "o" 
	){
		// If the letter in the name is a vowel, it will print the number 3
		console.log(3);
	} else {
		// Print in the console all non-vowel characters in the name
		console.log(myName[i])
	}
}

// [SECTION] Continue and Break statements

for (let count = 0; count <= 20; count++) {

	// if remainder is equal to 0
	if (count % 2 === 0) {

		// Tells the code to continue to the next iteration of the loop
		// This ignores all statements located after the continue statement;
		continue;
	}

	// The current value of number is printed out if the remainder is not equal to 0
	console.log("Continue and Break: " + count);

	// If the current value of count is greater than 10
	if (count > 10) {
			
			// Tells the code to terminate/stop the loop even if the expression/condition of the loop defines that it should execue so long as the value of count is less than or equal to 20
			// number values after 10 will no longer be printed

		break;
	}

}

let name = "alexandro";


for (let i = 0; i < name.length; i++) {

	console.log(name[i]);

	if (name[i].toLowerCase() === "a") {
		console.log("Continue to the next iteration");
		continue;
	}

	if (name[i] == "d") {
		break;
	}
	
}