# [SECTION] User Input

# Python allows input from the user.

# The input() function lets the user provide input to the program.
username = input("Please enter your name:\n")

print(f"Hello {username}! Welcome to the Python short course!")
# Result: Hello John! Welcome to the Python short course!

num1 = input("Enter 1st number:\n")
num2 = input("Enter 2nd number:\n")

print(f"The sum of num1 and num2 is {num1 + num2}")
# Result: The sum of num1 and num2 is 1015

# To solve this, the input values can be typecast to the appropriate data type.
num1 = int(input("Enter 1st number:\n"))
num2 = int(input("Enter 2nd number:\n"))
print(f"The sum of num1 and num2 is {num1 + num2}") 
# Result: The sum of num1 and num2 is 15

# [SECTION] Control Structures

# Control structures can be divided into selection and repetition structures.
# Selection control structures allow a program to choose between options and execute specific code blocks based on the condition.
# Repetition control structures enable a program to repeat certain blocks of code as long as a starting condition is met and until a terminating condition is reached.

# Selection Control Structures
# If-else statements are used to choose between two or more code blocks depending on the condition.

test_num1 = 75

if test_num1 >= 60:
    print("Test passed")
else:
    print("Test failed")
# Result: Test passed

# If-else chains can also be used to provide more than two choices for the program.

test_num2 = int(input("Please enter the test number:\n"))
if test_num2 > 0:
    print("The number is positive")
elif test_num2 == 0:
    print("The number is zero")
else: 
    print("The number is negative")
# Result: 
# (15): The number is positive
# (0): The number is zero
# (-15): The number is negative

# Mini Exercise 1:
# Create an if-else statement that determines if a number is divisible by 3, 5, or both.
    # If the number is divisible by both 3 and 5, print "The number is divisible by both 3 and 5."
    # If the number is divisible only by 3, print "The number is divisible by 3."
    # If the number is divisible only by 5, print "The number is divisible by 5."
    # If the number is not divisible by either, print "The number is not divisible by 3 or 5."

# Solution:
test_div_num = int(input("Please enter a number to test:\n"))
if test_div_num % 3 == 0 and test_div_num % 5 == 0:
    print(f"{test_div_num} is divisible by both 3 and 5")
elif test_div_num % 3 == 0:
    print(f"{test_div_num} is divisible by 3")
elif test_div_num % 5 == 0:
    print(f"{test_div_num} is divisible by 5")
else:
    print(f"{test_div_num} is not divisible by both 3 or 5")

# Repetition Control Structure
# Repetition control structures, also known as loops, allow you to execute a block of code repeatedly.

# While loops are used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is true.
print("While Loop:")

i = 1
while i <= 5:
    print(f"Current count {i}")
    i += 1
# Result:
# Current count 1
# Current count 2
# Current count 3
# Current count 4
# Current count 5

# For Loops in Python are used to iterate over a sequence.

print("For Loop:")

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for indiv_fruit in fruits:
    print(indiv_fruit)
# Result:
# apple
# banana
# cherry

# To use a for loop to iterate through values, the range() function can be used.
# The range() function is a built-in function in Python used to generate a sequence of numbers.

print("For Loop with range() function:")

for x in range(6):
    print(f"The current value is {x}")
# Result:
# The current value is 0
# The current value is 1
# The current value is 2
# The current value is 3
# The current value is 4
# The current value is 5

# range() function with start and stop values
for x in range(6, 10):
    print(f"The current value is {x}")
# Result:
# The current value is 6
# The current value is 7
# The current value is 8
# The current value is 9

# range() function with start, stop, and step values
for x in range(6, 20, 2):
    print(f"The current value is {x}")
# Result:
# The current value is 6
# The current value is 8
# The current value is 10
# The current value is 12
# The current value is 14
# The current value is 16
# The current value is 18

# [SECTION] Break Statement
# The break statement is used to stop the loop.

print("Break Statement in a While Loop:")

j = 1

while j < 6:
    print(j)
    if j == 3:
        break # 
    j += 1
# Result:
# 1
# 2
# 3

# Continue Statement
# The continue statement returns control to the beginning of the loop and continues with the next iteration.

print("Continue Statement in a While Loop:")

k = 1

while k < 6:
    k += 1
    if k == 3:
        continue
    print(k)
# Result:
# 2
# 4
# 5
# 6

# This results in an infinite loop, preventing the program from finishing.

k = 0
while k < 6:
    if k == 3:
        continue
    k += 1
    print(k)
# Result:
# 1
# 2
# 3
# .. infinite Loop